Evolution of management thoughts|| Classical Approach|| Scientific Management Theory by F.W. Taylor

 
Evolution of Management Thoughts.
 
Management practice is as old as human civilization. The evolution of management thought provides the development and progression of ideas and theories about how organizations should be managed and operated. 
This evolution has occurred over time, and can be divided into several key stages or approaches, each of which has its own unique perspective and set of ideas. 
These stages include the classical approach, which focused on finding the most efficient way to manage organizations; the behavioral approach, which emphasized the importance of understanding human behavior in the workplace; the quantitative approach, which focused on using mathematical models to improve decision-making and organizational efficiency; 

A. Scientific Management Theory

This theory was propounded by Frederick Winslow(F.W.) Taylor. He is known as the father of scientific management. This theory was based on efficient use of labor as well as improvement in the performance of individual worker. 
This theory focuses on application of scientific tools, techniques, methods and procedures to replace rule of thumb and trial and error method of traditional management. 

The essence of scientific management is division of labor and to achieve specialization in work. Taylor has given more importance to the improvement in working environment and methods.

Principles of Scientific Management: 

1.One Best Method: This approach is based on the assumption that there is one best method of performing each and every jobs in the organization.
2.Specialization:  There should  be division of work for the specialization. It means the work should be assigned to the employee as per their skills and knowledge for generating output efficiently. 
3.Scientific Selection, Training and Development of Workers: There should be scientifically designed procedure for the selection of workers. Workers should be selected and trained to make them fit for the job. The management has to provide opportunities for the development of workers having better capabilities.
4.Management-Labor Harmony ( Co-operation): It is only through co-operation that the goals of the organization can be achieved efficiently. Taylor believed that interest of employer and employees should be fully harmonized so as to secure mutually understanding relations between them. 

Contributions of Scientific Management Theory:

It helps increase production and efficiency by using modern tools machines and techniques.
It focuses on proper selection, training and development of employees
It focuses on job redesign through specialization and standardization of work.
It also advocates about piece rate system of wage payment and mass production.
It helps to improve living standard of workers
It helps to develop harmonization and cooperation.
 
Limitations: 
It is mechanistic. 
It ignores human aspects and human behavior.
There is no one best method of doing the work in dynamic environment and situation.
It forces employee to perform same type of job again and again so job becomes monotonous. 
It only focuses on individual performance
It is  mainly applicable to labor intensive work. 



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